Labial sanitary pad

ABSTRACT

A labial pad (30) having an anatomically conformable configuration with a generally ovate geometry defined by a principal longitudinal axis (L), a minor transverse axis (T) and a generally orthogonal lateral or height axis (H), is comprised of a laterally upwardly directed projection (52) lying generally along the longitudinal axis within the posterior region (54) of the pad and having a prominence (64) proximate the distal end (60) thereof tapering toward the proximal end (58) along the longitudinal axis and to the opposed sides (62) along the transverse axis, wherein the projection is configured for disposition within the vestibule (32) of a wearer over a region bounded generally by the posterior labial commissure (36) and the labia terminating at or about the latter and extending forwardly therefrom over the vulva, to occlude the vestibule against flow of menses or the like while protecting the urogenitals from chafing contact.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a divisional of co-pending application Ser. No. 707,338 filed onMar. 1, 1985, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,062 which is acontinuation-in-part of copending applications, Ser. No. 654,927 filedSept. 27, 1984 abandoned Ser. No. 612,506 filed May 21, 1984 abandoned,identically entitled "Dynamically Shaped Pad," both of which areincorporated herein by reference and expressly relied upon.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates, generally, to the field of sanitarynapkins for personal feminine care or protection in order to absorb orotherwise contain menstrual fluids or similar exudate, perhaps urine asthe consequence of minor incontinence, or the like. The presentinvention relates more especially to sanitary napkins shaped orcontoured in order to achieve interposition within the vestibule of awearer for occluding flow of body fluids prior to egress therefrom. Mostparticularly, the present invention concerns a labial pad offeringenhanced fit and comfort through a novel construction which promotes aself-conforming anatomical cooperation of the pad with the wearer toyield a highly efficient catamenial device.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BACKGROUND ART

All manner and variety of devices or appliances configured for theabsorption of such body fluids as menses are of course well known. As aclass, these articles ought to possess certain necessary attributes ofabsorbency, comfort and psychological as well as physiological orphysical protection. Desirably, these devices also are characterized asbeing discreet both during wear and when carried upon the wearer'sperson in anticipation of use. As will be seen from the ensuingdiscussion, these objectives are somewhat antagonistic in the sense thatattainment of one has heretofore ordinarily necessitated comprising oneor more other desirable feature.

The art has offered two basic types of feminine protection device withthose objectives borne in mind; sanitary napkins or pads have beendeveloped for external wear about the vulvar region of a user whiletampons have been developed for residence within the vaginal cavity andinterruption of menstrual flow therefrom. Each offers distinctadvantages and, as one would expect, distinct or peculiar disadvantages,which range from psychological impediments and/or concerns to physicaldiscomforture. Hybrid devices, attempting to merge the structuralfeatures of both within a single type of device, have also been proposedbut have not seen a meaningful measure of acceptance insofar as theeffort to appropriate advantages has been overshadowed by the moredemonstrable perpetuation of structural and anatomically functionaldisadvantages. Inasmuch as the present invention relates to a labialpad, the foregoing types of feminine protection products are discussedbelow with that particular thought foremost.

Sanitary napkins, including contoured sanitary napkins such as thosedescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,397,644 and 4,079,739, are well known.Conceptualizing, sanitary napkins of this sort are of multilayeredconstruction including a fluid absorbent core interposed within abacking of a fluid impermeable shield or baffle and a fluid permeablecover, the latter transmitting menstrual fluid or the like across itsboundary to the absorbent core. As those skilled in the art will readilyappreciate, the interrelationship of components is substantially moreintricate; however, for purposes of basic understanding, the foregoingsuffices. Within those very general parameters, one may also profitablycompare the contoured sanitary napkin disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,184,498. Given that conceptual background, there are several importantrequirements of such an article. Apart from the self-evident necessitythat the core or absorbent member of a sanitary napkin must beconstructed to retain menstrual fluid without leakage, there are twoother features of conventional designs which warrant further attentionin relationship to the present invention. These characteristics regardthe cover member of the sanitary napkin and the manner in which thedevice is secured to or about the body of the wearer.

Dealing with the former first, the conventional wisdom respecting covermembers for sanitary napkins dictates a composition or constructionwhich yields a relatively dry and nonsmearing surface. There are bothphysical reasons and perceptual reasons to strive for those types offeatures. On the one hand, maximizing so-called "Z directional" flow,through the cover and into the absorbent or fluid retentive core,provides a means for accmmodating volumetrically greater discharges ofmenses during heavy flow conditions. On the other hand, this attributeminimizes the smearing effect and resultant discomfort experienced bythe wearer. Psychologically, rapid Z directional flow with relativelydry cover conditions relates to the perception of safety whichcorrelates with the potential for embarrassment upon failure of thenapkin. Thus, for example, a major impetus for the improved comfortfeature evidenced by, e.g., the invention disclosed and claimed in theaforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,397,644 is that type of dry cover withrapid transfer of menstrual fluid thereacross to the fluid retentivecore member to achieve those specific goals.

Further along the general lines set forth above, positioning thesanitary napkin relative to the body of the wearer can be an importantconsideration. Over the last decade or so, sanitary napkins have nowroutinely been secured within or to the undergarment of a wearer. A moveaway from the historical tabbed napkin affixed about the body of awearer by means of a belt or the like to adhesive attachment toundergarments is now almost universally complete in many significantcommercial markets. This offers quite an advantage under mostcircumstances to a wearer as a matter of convenience. Nonetheless, adrawback persists in the nature of rubbing or chafing. Morespecifically, movement and particularly vigorous movement such as rapidwalking or running yields motion between the body of the wearer (andparticularly within the vulvar region) relative to an undergarment.Securing a sanitary napkin to the wearer's undergarment thereforetranslates under ordinary circumstances into relative motion between thewearer's body and the napkin itself, an experience exacerbated in factas well as sensory perception should the cover fail to provide thefeatures outlined generally above (e.g., a dry, nonsmearing cover). Inturn, this can lead to heightened discomfort due to chafing, rubbing,and perhaps even to more intense irritation about highly sensitivetissues of the wearer. To date, these sources of discomfort have beenbegrudgingly accepted as a necessary concession where one wishes toutilize a sanitary napkin as opposed to a tampon for feminineprotection.

Looking to tampons as such an alternative to sanitary napkins, the sameare preferred by a substantial number of women. Offering the ability tointercept menses within the vaginal canal, the disadvantages inhering insanitary napkins in respect of covers and attachment means are overcomeby this approach. That is not to say, however, that tampons afford asuperior means of feminine protection for all users. For example, thereare many individuals who, for either physical or psychological reasons,are unable to utilize tampons as an effective means of feminineprotection. Tampons themselves may be found lacking in terms ofconstruction inasmuch as efficacy relies significantly on the ability ofthe same to undergo radial expansion upon fluid swelling in order toform a seal or zone of occlusion within the vaginal canal. Failure to doso implies overall failure of the tampon to serve as a reliableprotection device.

As indicated briefly above, there have been proposals to merge theattributes of sanitary napkins and tampons into a single type of hybriddevice. These hybridized appliances are generally classifiable by meansof a prominence or projection designed for disposition within thevestibule of the wearer. In some instances, such as that suggested bythe disclosure in U.S. Pat. No. 2,092,346, the pad includes a tamponcomponent thereby physically adapting both approaches. That particulardevice and others of its ilk are typically found quite unacceptable for,amongst other reasons, the projection of a member through the vaginalorifice. Unlike a tampon which resides wholely within the vaginal canal,this type of device maintains constant interposition within thesphincter-like muscularture of the vaginal orifice which is decidedlydisadvantageous from a comfort point of view. That discomfort can besubstantially intensified where, in following the approach suggested by,e.g. the U.S. Pat. No. 2,092,346, the element within the vaginal openingis physically secured to an external member whereby relative movement ofthe wearer and the underlying pad structure compounds the irritatingtendencies of the structure. Conceptually similar is the protectiveshield disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,905,372. Although perhaps less proneto causing irritation within the sensitive tissues of the wearer, manyof the same problems are found relative to the projection of an elementthrough the vaginal orifice.

There have been several other approaches suggested in the art whichpurport or otherwise attempt to avoid the problems mentioned immediatelyabove as regards the interruption of the vagina. For example, U.S. Pat.No. 3,983,873 suggests quite a wide array of geometries for a femininehygienic pad configured for residence at least partially within thewearer's vestibule. The patentee places a premium on the use ofrelatively angular geometries for the structure, including, for example,a substantially abrupt change in transverse dimensions in order to yieldshoulder-like configurations at the juncture between the anterior andposterior regions of the pad. Optionally, but preferably, the pad isformed with wings which are resiliently urged toward each other forbearing against the walls of the labial space in order to increase theretentive forces of the pad therein. Consequently, the design offered inthe U.S. Pat. No. 3,983,873 is one which requires the sanitary pad tobear against the inner region of the wearer's vestibule which, in turn,is expected to be irritable and lead to discomfort over prolongedperiods of use. Other so-called labial sanitary pads are disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 2,662,527. The patentee in that case describes a padcomposed of two portions. The first is deemed a main portion having alength sufficient to extend from a point between the wearer's frenulumand the rectum to a point opposite the anterior of the vestibule. Thesecond portion is formed of one or more layers folded or rolled to yieldan element having a somewhat greater height than width and secured or insome efficient manner disposed intermediate the length of the mainportion. The second member, borne upon the face of the main member, isdimensioned to fit between the labia of the wearer, bearing against thevaginal orifice; thus, the second element is entirely in residencewithin the vestibule of the wearer reaching the floor thereof. Ofsomewhat related interest is the sanitary napkin disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 3,406,689, insofar as that structure likewise includes an element orsecond member supported upon the top surface of a sanitary napkin,configured for overlapping disposition about the entire vulvar regionand, from there, extending posteriorly of the vestibule of the wearer.

Labial pads of the foregoing varieties, designed with improvedabsorptive efficiencies as an apparently singular goal, have notproperly accounted for the importance of anatomical cooperation with thewearer. Comfort is a lacking feature in use, in the sense that sensitivetissues are oftentimes distended by obtrusive geometries whilestructural elements of the pads find their way into rubbing contact withsimilarly highly sensitive urogenital members such as the wearer'svaginal orifice, urethral orifice and/or clitoris. Even short durationwear under such circumstances customarily results in physical reactionsranging from intense discomfort to mild pain. While the device of theU.S. Pat. No. 3,406,689 is perhaps of a design less irritable than, forexample, many of the other contoured or profiled hybrid devices notedabove, the extension of the napkin into proximate engagement with thewearer's buttocks contributes substantially to chafing or like abrasion,perhaps even physical movement of the napkin out of position due torearward movement with the buttocks themselves during walking.Irrespective of such considerations, other vestibule-type sanitarynapkins are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,331,355, U.S. Pat. No.3,528,422, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,046,147, which are similar to thosediscussed above respecting anatomical functionality; none of whichwarrant further extended discussion herein but review of which mayprofitably be undertaken.

A noteworthy configuration for a sanitary napkin, vis-a-vis thestructure of the present invention, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.3,073,309, although the same would not likely be classified as a labialpad per se by the skilled artisan. Related closely to that configurationare the generally similar constructions found in U.S. Pat. No.3,117,577, U.S. Pat. No. 3,092,109, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,121,427. Ascommon factors, these patents disclose a sanitary napkin having meansfor attaching the same about the body of a wearer and further includinga raised element at the distal end of the pad, tapering in both forwardand side directions. In the U.S. Pat. No. 3,073,309 this projection isdenoted as an "indicating device," included in order to give the wearerassurance that the napkin is properly placed. To achieve that indicatingfunction, the projection is said to be formed in such a way that itseats itself between the wearer's frenulum and rectum projectingupwardly into that region (i.e., the perineum) from the pad. Althoughexpressly distinguished from a labial pad (normally thought to extendinto the vestibule) and also a conventional tampon, the patentee thereobserves that this projection into the perineum will provide aneffective damming action deterring rearward seepage of menses when thewearer is in a lying or supine position. An interesting point isarticulated by the patentee in this connection; conventional deviceswhich extend into the vestibule area between the labia contribute toirritation not encountered when the sanitary napkin of that (i.e., U.S.Pat. No. 3,073,309 reference is utilized, while the "damming" action isnonetheless allegedly attained by virtue of the design of the subjectpatent.

Devices heretofore proposed for partial or complete interposition withinthe vestibule of a wearer have uniformly failed to achieve any realmeasure of success for several reasons. For example, many have beendesigned simply with ancillary projections or the like for dispositionwithin the vestibule but without overall regard for anatomical vagariesamong wearers. In turn, placing a prominence or other projectionentirely within the vestibule promotes the kind of irritation noted bythe patentee in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,073,309 reference cited above.Furthermore, certain of the aforementioned designs have been made withan eye toward forcing the vestibule as a conformable tissue to moldabout the generally more rigid projection or prominence, not unlike theinterrelationship between vestibule and pad required in the U.S. Pat.No. 3,983,873 where the article includes shoulder-like configurationsand wing elements as important structural features to ensure anatomicalcooperation. Irritation or tendencies toward that effect is most often aconsequence where no accommodation is made for the fact that the body ofthe wearer can have substantial relative movement respecting the paddepending upon the manner in which the latter is associated with theformer. As noted above, firmly securing a pad to the undergarment of awearer with a portion of the pad located within the vestibule will undermost circumstances be found to create a rubbing or chafing effect withinthat very sensitive environment. The attempts summarized above have alsofailed to take into account the specific nature of that sensitiveenvironment, one which is typically a moist, highly sensitive tissue(said to approach a mucous membrane) in contradistinction to "external"skin. Consequently, adaptation which simply converts a normal sanitarynapkin having a cover which is designed, perhaps specifically, toexhibit an advantage of being dry and disposing that within the moremoist or hydrous environment of the vestibule can lead to substantialdiscomfort.

Accordingly, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that therehas yet to be devised a labial pad which achieves the goals set forththroughout the prior art discussed above relative to contoured sanitarynapkins but which will overcome the serious disadvantages heretoforeproving to be serious impediments to their acceptance, whether viewedtechnically or commercially. The present invention fulfills that longfelt need.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has now been determined in accordance with the present invention thata labial pad can be provided which approaches the occluding advantagesoffered by a tampon, in the sense that menses or the like may beinterrupted prior to egress from the vestibule, while the safety of asanitary napkin or pad is maintained. Advantageously, the labial pad ofthe present invention, and specifically the absorptive core thereof,achieves considerably improved fluid distribution and retention therebyallowing savings in size. The design of the labial pad of the presentinvention is such that it requires only partial insertion within thevestibule to be successful, avoiding proximate contact with the moresensitive, urogenital portions of the anatomy. Further advantageous, asa particular consequence of a novel configuration, the labial pad of thepresent invention is anatomically self-conforming thereby providing apositive zone of occlusion without distention of the sensitive tissuecomprising the vestibule or its surrounding regions. That contributes,in turn, to the further and significant advantage that the pad of thepresent invention does not require external attachment either to thewearer's anatomy or undergarments proximate the same, minimizingsignificantly the irritability factor heretofore characteristic ofsimilar devices.

The foregoing, and other advantages of the present invention, arerealized in an anatomically, generally self-conforming sanitary napkinor pad configured for partial labial disposition within the vestibule ofa wearer for at least partially occluding the same respecting fluid flowtherefrom. The labial pad of the present invention in one aspect thereofis comprised of a fluid absorbent body having a posterior regionincluding a raised profile for projection within the vestibuleintermediate the labia majora inwardly bounding the same from a positionposteriorly remote from the clitoris and extending to the rearwardmostaspect of the vestibule, preferably terminating at or about the locationof the frenulum. An anterior region of the pad merges with the posteriorregion for a generally external disposition about the vulvar region ofthe wearer over the labia majora and spaced from the clitoris therebyprotecting the same while simultaneously avoiding rubbing or chafingcontact with that sensitive anatomy. The pad of the present invention ismost preferably comprised of a fluid absorbent body having a top,body-side surface, a bottom, garmentcontacting surface, and perimetralsides defining an overall geometry, wherein the raised profile isdeveloped within the top surface of the posterior region. Mostpreferably, the fluid absorbent body includes a generally longitudinalpleat extending from the posterior region centrally along a longitudinalaxis for establishing a raised profile precursor having a generallytransverse curvature with regard to the pleat. Adhesive elements (orfunctionally equivalent thermal bonds) may be included within theinterior apex region of that longitudinal pleat at the bottom sidesurface of the pad in order to maintain the proper profile for thelabial projection. Incorporating several such (adhesive) junctures whichare selectively interruptible allows the wearer to make specificadjustments to the profile in order to account for anatomical vagariesas need be.

The raised profile or precursor is disposed within the vestibule incontact with the surrounding tissue to form a line of occlusionpreventing egress of menses or similar body fluids, while theforwardmost portion or anterior region of the pad folds beyond thevestibule about the vulva of the wearer. The self-conformity of the pad,allowing it to mold in an individual manner to accommodate the specificbody structure of the wearer, is sufficient to preclude the necessityfor external attachment members or elements to maintain the pad inproper position. Hence, the pad moves with the wearer regardless ofmovement of undergarments or the like; albeit, the slight externalpressure of the wearer's undergarment is generally required to provide atype of biasing of the pad into its proper position. Optionally, butentirely unnecessary under most circumstances, the pad of the presentinvention includes a restricted or limited spot or zone of attachmentadhesive or the like; a single, discrete adhesive element which, if usedat all by the wearer, is positioned as close as is possible to theneutral zone of the undergarment to minimize tendencies toward relativemotion between the undergarment and the pad itself.

In another aspect of the instant invention, the fluid absorbent body ispreferably comprised of a microfibrous web. Although the web may beselected from any one of a number of hydrophilic or suitably treatedhydrophobic fibrous materials, most preferably the pad of the presentinvention includes a web of polypropylene microfibers (or equivalentpolymeric microfibers) bearing or otherwise suitably incorporating asurfactant. Still further along these lines, it is preferred that theabsorbent body be comprised of a plurality of individual layers ofmicrofibrous webs laid in generally face-to-face engagement in a lateraldirection. Also preferred is an arrangement wherein the microfibrouswebs are disposed generally edgewise immediately along the longitudinalaxis of the pad within the posterior region and generally facewiseacross the transverse axis within the anterior region and along theperimetral edges in the posterior region. This provides the most favoredorientation for rapid Z directional wicking of fluid within the regionof occlusion while optimizing both internal distribution of fluid andthe ability of the pad to accommodate excess fluid during times of heavyflow; while increasing the adaptability of the pad to variations inindividual anatomy, user to user.

Improved comfort is achieved by incorporating a physiologically hydrouscover over the absorbent body of the pad of the present invention. Inconcert with a transfer layer intermediate that cover and the mostpreferred microfibrous batts, Z directional flow of fluid is optimizedwhile a physiologically acceptable interface is ensured. Along theselines, it is envisioned that the "hydrous" feature for the cover may beprovided either across the entirety of the pad structure or, should itbe desired, may be achieved by such expedients as coatings within atleast that region in proximate engagement with the hydrous or moistenvironment of the tissue of the wearer's vestibule in order to optimizecompatibility.

Other advantages of the present invention in terms of both constructionand mode of operation, as well as a fuller appreciation for itsmanufacture and use, will be gained from an examination of the followingdetailed description of preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction withthe figures of drawing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified anatomical section illustrating the environmentfor a labial pad in accordance with the present invention, shown inresidence within the vestibule of a wearer;

FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a labial pad in accordance with thepresent invention, with parts broken away to reveal internal componentsthereof;

FIG. 3 is bottom plan view of the labial pad shown in FIG. 2illustrating, in phantom, an optional adhesive element for securing thepad to the undergarment of the wearer;

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the labial pad of the present invention,illustrating in phantom a "target zone" or that portion of the paddestined for interposition within the wearer's vestibule and receipt offluid;

FIG. 5 is an end elevation view from the proximal end of the pad at thepresent invention;

FIG. 6 is an end elevation view from the distal end of the pad of thepresent invention;

FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of the pad of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view, taken substantially along theline 8--8 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 9 is a transverse sectional view within the posterior region of thelabial pad of the present invention, taken substantially along the line9--9 of FIG. 4, and further illustrating the flow pattern (bothprincipal and secondary) of body fluids received by the instant pad anddistributed thereabout;

FIG. 10 is a top plan view of a pad in accordance with the presentinvention, similar to that of FIG. 4, but with parts broken away toillustrate the preferred orientation of microfibrous webs within theabsorbent body thereof;

FIG. 11 is an isometric view of a preferred packaging structure forenveloping a labial pad of the present invention, shown partially inphantom lines, disposed therein along a generally longitudinal fold;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of the packaging construction shown in FIG.11 taken substantially along line 12--12 thereof;

FIG. 13 is an alternate embodiment of a packaging construction for alabial pad in accordance with the present invention, here shown in aperspective view with a portion of the wrapper broken away to reveal thelabial pad illustrated in this case to be folded about a generallydisposed transverse fold line;

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the packaging construction of FIG. 13taken substantially along line 14--14 thereof;

FIG. 15 is an isometric view of still a further alternate embodiment ofa packaging construction, similar to that shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, buthere depicting the labial pad folded in three generally equal segmentsabout a pair of spaced transverse fold lines;

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of the packaging construction illustrated inFIG. 15, taken substantially along line 16--16 thereof;

FIG. 17 is a simplified graph showing a comparison of the moisturecharacteristics of various cover materials for a labial pad of thepresent invention as contrasted with conventional cover materials for asanitary napkin;

FIG. 18 is an isometric view of an alternate embodiment of a labial padin accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 19 is an isometric view, with parts broken away, illustrating stilla further alternate embodiment of a labial pad in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 20 is an isometric view, again with parts broken away, illustratingyet another alternate embodiment of a labial pad in accordance with thepresent invention, in this case including a moveable insert within theposterior region of a pad; and,

FIG. 21 is a fragmentary isometric view of the insert employed withinthe alternate embodiment illustrated in FIG. 20.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention relates, generally, to sanitary napkins forpersonal feminine care or protection in order to absorb or otherwisecontain menstrual fluid or similar exudate, perhaps urine as aconsequence of minor incontinence, or the like. The present inventionrelates more especially to sanitary napkins shaped or contoured in orderto achieve interposition within the vestibule of a wearer for occludingflow of body fluids prior to egress. Most particularly, the presentinvention concerns labial sanitary pads offering enhanced fit andcomfort through a novel construction which promotes a self-conforminganatomical cooperation of the pad with the wearer to yield a highlyefficient catamenial device. Accordingly, the present invention will nowbe described with reference to certain preferred embodiments within theaforementioned contexts; albeit, those skilled in the art will realizethat such a description is meant to be exemplary only and should not bedeemed limitative respecting the scope of the present invention, forexample in terms of its construction and mode of operation.

Turning to the figures of drawing, in each of which like parts areidentified with like reference characters, FIG. 1 illustratesdiagrammatically a labial pad in accordance with the present inventiondesignated generally as 30, disposed within the vestibule of a wearer,designated generally as 32. As used herein, the term "labial pad"connotes a sanitary napkin or like article of commerce having a portionspecifically configured for disposition between the labia majora,extending into the vestibule, or particularly adapted to achieve thatanatomical conformity when put to use. For purposes of the ensuingdescription, the vestibule is considered to be the region defined withinthe labia (not specifically shown in the figures herein) beginning atabout a point lying caudally from the anterior labial commissure 34,extending rearward to the posterior labial commissure 36 and boundedinwardly by the floor 38. Those skilled in the art fully understand thatthere is a wide range of variation among women with respect to therelative size and shape of labia majora and labia minora as the sameinterrelatedly define the contours of the vestibule. For purposes of thepresent description, however, such differences will not specifically beaddressed, it being recognized that in any event the disposition of thelabial pad of the present invention into the vestibule will necessitateplacement between the labia majora regardless of any such considerationrespecting the labia minora. Lying caudally of the vestibule 32 is theperineum 40 which leads to the anus 42 in the region of the buttocks 44.Within the vestibule itself is located the principal urogenital memberswhich, for purposes pertinent here, are constituted of the vaginalorifice 46, the urethral orifice 48, and the clitoris 50. Given theforegoing simplified review of this anotomical region, and to facilitatethe present description, the vestibule will be considered generally tobe the region between the clitoris 50 and posterior labial commissure36, for convenience sake. For a fuller description of this portion ofthe female anatomy, however, attention is invited to Gray's Anatomy,Clemente 30th Ed. (1985) at 1571-1581.

As can be seen with reference to the anatomical structure depicted inFIG. 1, the labial pad 30 of the present invention is disposed partiallywithin the vestibule 32 for occluding the same respecting fluid flowtherefrom. In this regard, the predominant use of the labial pad 30 isfor the absorption of menstrual fluid emitted via the vaginal orifice46; although the labial pad of the present invention is equally welladapted to serve as a type of incontinence device for absorption ofurine as occurs upon minor, female incontinence. Without particularregard to the type of fluid to be intercepted, the labial pad 30includes a raised projection or profile identified generally as 52 lyingwithin the posterior region of the pad, denoted generally as 54. Theraised profile 52 is that region of the pad which protrudes within thevestibule and does so intermediate the labia majora inwardly boundingsame from a position beginning posteriorly remote (and slightlycaudally) from the clitoris 50 and extending to the rearwardmost aspectof the vestibule 32, abutting the posterior labial commissure 36 andgenerally occluding that region of the vestibule against, e.g., menses.As best viewed in FIG. 1, the projection within the posterior region thepad is most preferably dimensioned or otherwise contoured to avoidcontact with the urogenital elements of the wearer's anatomy. In thecontext of this description, the term "projection" is employed to conveythe thought that the pad 30 includes a component, preferably integraltherewith or otherwise a part thereof, which "projects" upwardly fromthe external interface or plane of the pad and the wearer's vulva toreside at least partially within the vestibule (i.e., upwardly from alocation between the labia). The "projection" may be entirely coincidentwith the "profile," although that is not a structural requirement norare the two terms employed herein necessarily synonomous for purposes ofinterpretation. Continuing further with this concept, the projection canbe visualized to include a "prominence," which connotes the region ofthe projection which rises to the highest point as measured from theabove-mentioned interface or plane. With the foregoing definitionalbadkground, the skilled artisan will understand that these terms do notnecessarily compel the presence of a free standing structure which isshape sustaining prior to use, in the sense that a clearly definedprojection is structurally identifiable prior to disposition within thevestibule to occlude the same. Quite to the contrary, the projection maybe fairly ill-defined or unrecognizable prior to use of the pad 30;however, upon proper anatomical cooperation between the pad and thevestibule of the user as occurs upon use, the structural forms orfeatures will taken on the definitive shapes shown and described herein.For example, in certain embodiments of the present invention, the labialpad may have an overall shape prior to use visually indistinguishablefrom a conventional "mini pad," yet when put to use it will adopt theprofile described above. Accordingly, those skilled in the art willappreciate that the figures herein and description thereof represent butone visualization of these elements of the invention for the convenienceof a complete portrayal.

The pad 30 also includes an anterior region identified generally as 56which merges with the posterior region 54 generally intermediate theoverall length of the pad. The anterior region 56 is configured forexternal disposition about the forward vulvar region toward the monspubis, over the labia majora and spaced from the clitoris 50 such thatthe highly sensitive genital tissue is not in contact with the pad butis, to the distinct contrary, spaced or isolated therefrom. In thismanner a line of occlusion is defined in a very general sense within theraised profile of the posterior region of the pad where the same mergesinto contact within the vestibule of the wearer over the region boundedgenerally by the posterior labial commissure and the labia majoramerging to a point spaced from the clitoris as aforesaid. A generalrepresentation of that occluding line within which lies a target zonefor receipt of menses or like exudate is depicted generally as theteardrop shaped region best viewed in FIG. 4, the intention there beingsimply to idealize the representation of that zone. Those skilled in theart will appreciate that the vast anatomical differences to beencountered among the population of users for these types of devicesimply widely varying contours for that target zone or line of occlusion;the ability of the instant pad to achieve a self-conforming anatomicalcooperation with that wide array of potential anatomical variationsbeing a significant advancement in this art as will be realized furtheras this description continues.

The pad 30 is shown in its most preferred embodiment to have a generallyovate geometry extending between a proximal end 58 and a distal end 60;e.g., as exemplified in FIGS. 3 and 4, to be slightly wider at theformer than the latter. This preferred ovate geometry, including theraised profile of the posterior region 54, is conveniently related tothree axes identified in FIGS. 4 and 5 as a principal longitudinal axis"L," a minor transverse axis "T" and a lateral (or height) axis "H."Thus, to complete the overall geometric orientation for purposes of thisdescription, the pad 30 includes longitudinal sides or edges 62 rangingbetween the ends 58 and 60, these collectively sometimes being referredto herein as the perimetral sides or edges of the pad 30 (i.e., thosedefining the perimeter). Considering briefly the relative dimensions ofa preferred pad, in a functional sense, the same is at least long enoughalong the longitudinal axis to extend (in use) from the frenulum forward(without significant overlayp thereat) to and over the anterior of thevulva; its width as considered across the transverse axis being limitedto avoid contact with the legs of the wearer when in use.

The raised profile 52 of the pad 30 preferably lies entirely within theposterior region 54 thereof. From a prominence 64 proximate the distalend 60, the profile tapers gently toward the proximal end 58 in thelongitudinal direction and also toward the opposed longitudinal sides 62in the transverse direction, as best viewed, for example, in FIGS. 5-7.The profile continues with a taper or downward slope in the forwarddirection to a juncture 66 with the anterior region which, in theembodiment illustrated, has a very gradual rise toward the proximal end58 but of lesser slope than that in the posterior region. Inasmuch asthe composition of the pad 30 is, overall, relatively compressible withslight resilience, and further insofar as the pad is intended to begenerally self-conforming in use, those skilled in the art willappreciate that this structure is flexible and may be imparted withother similar suitable shapes without necessarily departing from thespirit of the present invention. Because of this ability of conformanceand ease of flexibility, the raised profile is most preferably impressedin the overall structure by means of a profile precursor establishedwithin the pad itself. This may be achieved in one preferred aspect ofthe invention by providing a longitudinal set to the pad; i.e., apreferential fold or crease along the longitudinal axis as best viewedin FIGS. 3-6, which tends to pitch the pad upwardly along that fold. Inthis case, a longitudinal pleat 68 is formed within the bottom face orsurface 70 of the pad, which, in turn, creates the prominence 64contributing to the raised profile 52; whether as a strict manufacturingconsequence and, hence, as a shape-sustaining structural element priorto use or, alternatively as a zone or line of structural partialitywhich creates the profile due to conformance in use. In the highlypreferred form shown in these figures, the bottom surface 70 iscomprised of the conventional baffle member or fluid impervious shieldcustomarily incorporated within a sanitary napkin. Advantageously,therefore, as a polymeric film or nonwoven material bearing a polymericfilm, the set or pleat developed upon folding will yield a highlypreferential crease line along the longitudinal axis "L." Severaloptions have been devised to complement this longitudinal folding of thepad, or even supplant it, with the objective of establishing apreferential development of a profile precursor. For example, theabsorbent body may be slitted along or proximate the longitudinalcenterline or axis. The slit may be completely through the absorbentcore relative to the "H" axis. Likewise, the slit may be continuousalong the core relative to the "L" axis, or discontinuous; i.e., inrespect of the latter option, a perforated line contributing to thepreferential fold or set. Depending upon the nature and composition ofthe core, as explained more fully below, the set may be established byan embossment. Other approaches will occur to the skilled artisan forachieving the goal of, ultimately, providing the profile precursorwhich, in turn, assists in the most advantageous anatomical cooperationbetween the pad and the wearer.

It is preferred to maintain this profile precursor achieved through thepleat 68, or through whatever other option is elected, in a relativelypermanent configuration. The orientation may be conveniently ensured asa somewhat enduring one by means of at least one and preferably severaladhesive junctures 72 disposed within the interior apex of the pleat asbest viewed, for example, in FIG. 3. Under most circumstances, a singlejuncture 72 spaced suitably from the distal end 60 will suffice tomaintain the profile precursor in an adequate shape to accommodate theanatomical variations to be anticipated amongst most users. Optionally,however, an added measure of adjustability can be included by providinga series of adhesive junctures or bond points such as shown in thefigures of drawing, wherein each bond point is selectivelyinterruptible. In that manner, the user may tailor the length andprominence dimensions of the projectioon 52 by suitably interrupting(i.e., breaking) one or more of those adhesives junctures 72 prior touse. Thus, the range of sizes and geometries achievable by means of thepresent invention are both extended significantly. Other similarvariations are envisioned for providing additional user conveniences intailoring specific dimensional variations to suit individualpreferences. A single line of such selectively interruptible bond pointsas shown in the figures allows the user to adjust the location of theprominence 64, particularly relative to the longitudinal axis "L."Staggering those gond points in a "W"-like zig-zag pattern permitsfurther adjustability in the height of that prominence. As the skilledartisan will appreciate, these junctures or bond points 72 need not beadhesively formed, but may result from thermal bonding or the like,particularly in those situations where the bottom surface of the pad iscomposed of a polymeric baffle member. Likewise, a zone of adhesive mayoptionally replace the discrete junctures should that be a desirableapproach. Regardless of the mode of implementation, through, theobjective of selectively tailoring the pad dimensions is advantageouslyprovided as a user option.

The absorbent capacity of the pad 30 of the present invention isprovided by a fluid retentive core or absorbent body identifiedgenerally as 74. In general, the absorbent body 74 may be comprised ofany conventional absorbent composition including, for example,cellulosic batt(s). However, the highly preferred structure for theabsorbent body 74 illustrated in the figures of drawing is in the natureof a microfibrous absorbent. More preferable yet, the absorbent body 74is comprised of a plurality of individual microfibrous webs 76 disposedin generally face-to-face engagement within longitudinal zones lyingalong the longitudinal centerline "L" of the pad 30. Most preferably themicrofibrous batts 76 are located in a highly efficient orientation,with the batts being placed edgewise within the posterior regionimmediately across the longitudinal axis (and thus within the targetzone) while lying facewise in the anterior region and along theperimetral edges of the posterior region. This relationship is bestviewed with reference to FIGS. 8-10, showing the manner in which thecomposite of microfibrous batts twists along the longitudinal axis toachieve that highly preferred orientation. This presents the mosteffective angle of incidence for capillarity within the target zone toachieve rapid wicking distribution of menses or the like withcorrelative fluid distribution in the X-Y direction once received withinthe absorbent core, a feature considered in greater detail below. Themicrofibrous webs may be replaced by other wicking or absorbentmaterials adapted for retention of fluid, and preferably a batt ormember having absorbent characteristics approaching the capillarity ofmicrofibers. A suitable alternative in many cases is a densifiedcellulosic fiber web with a density in the range of from about 0.15 toabout 0.30 gm/cc. and preferably about 0.2 gm/cc. Regardless of theabsorbent core adopted, whether one of the foregoing or an equivalent, atransfer layer 78 overlies the core to assist in this preferred fluiddistribution, as also noted below.

Completing the overall structure of the pad 30 is a cover member 80which optimally possesses certain characteristics particularly selectedon account of the labial disposition of the pad relative to the wearer.The conventional wisdom respecting cover materials for sanitary napkinshas been pointed toward materials and/or structural orientations whichyield two specifically desirable attributes. On the one hand, rapid Zdirectional transmission of fluid through the cover and away from thewearer's body has been of paramount concern to those working in this artover the years. Second, and closely related, is the desire to provide adry cover for that interfacial member which is in proximate engagementwith the wearer's body. For both physical and psychological reasons, ithas been quite important for conventional sanitary napkins to have adry, nonsmearing interface achieved by optimizing those twocharacteristics. However, that approach is deemed generally antitheticalto the labial pad of the present invention, inasmuch as the same mustfunction within the more hydrous and sensitive tissues of the wearer'svestibule. More specifically, the labia majora and labia minora whichbound the gross anatomy of the vestibule include delicate tissues andmembranes which are physiologically hydrous in the sense that the samemaintain an ideal level of moisture within the urogenital region.Disposing a conventional cover material within that environment,designed to wick rapidly in a Z direction, would contribute to a dryingof that sensitive tissue. That would be a most unwelcomed resultinasmuch as chafing or other irritability of these delicate tissueswould be quite uncomfortable for the wearer. However, it has beendetermined in accordance with the present invention that the use of aphysiologically hydrous cover 80 overcomes those impediments and yieldsa highly advantageous pad construction. As used herein, that term"physiologically hydrous" is meant to connote a cover material whichmaintains a suitably moist interface between the tissues of thevestibule and the pad 30 when disposed in that vestibular environment;one that is benign respecting the requirements of comfort associatedwith the interposition of fabric or fabric-like structures within themoist tissue environment of the vestibule, keeping in mind as well theself-evident factor that the pad is receiving body fluids migratingthrough the vestibule and must conduct the same to the absorbent core.Thus, while not "hydrous" in the classic sense prior to use (inasmuch asthe cover will be dry at that time) the cover maintains (or at leastdoes not interfere with the maintenance of) the proper moisture level orbalance required within the vestibule. For example, in considering thisfeature of physiologically hydrous covers, and with specific referenceto FIG. 17, there is shown the response of four different types of covermaterials identified A-D correlated with comparable transfer layers. Thegraph represents the moisture level responses for each of the fourmaterials sampled relative to the time for wicking during normalmenstrual flow. Further included is a horizontal indication of athreshold moisture level identified "t," above which optimal resultsobtain. The curves which are represented in FIG. 17 are generated verysimply upon time measurement of the fluid level characteristics of thecover member of a sanitary napkin when associated with the remainingcomponents constituting that structure. That is, for purposes ofestablishing a quantitative measure to isolate nonacceptable covercandidates from those which meet the requirements of a physiologicallyhydrous cover in accordance with the present invention, the test isconducted on a cover member when structurally associated as a componentof a sanitary napkin. Either a finished sanitary napkin may be used orone constructed simply for testing since a particular cover may besusceptible to wicking variation as a function of the wickingcharacteristics of an associated transfer layer and the rewettingcharacteristics of a fluid retentive core. In an effort to establishsuch a quantitive measure with an eye toward discriminating betweenacceptable and nonacceptable covers, the fllowing test has been adopted.

A sanitary napkin bearing a cover to be screened is wetted with ameasured quantity of water. For purposes of the present test, a discretespot of ten milliliters of water is deposited centrally of the pad to beexamined. That moistened pad is placed on a partially filled resilientwater bottle (e.g., a conventional household hot water bottle) which issupported upon the top plate of a laboratory jack. Disposed above thejack is a stationary plate against which the pad, borne upon the waterbottle, may be urged. Prior to that, however, a moisture probe islocated intermediate the wetted portion of the test specimen and thestationary plate. The test is conducted utilizing a commerciallyavailable moisture probe marketed by the "Greenthumb Products Company"of Apopka, Fla., U.S.A., intended by the manufacturer to be a houseplantmoisture tester. Since the test adopted here is of the "go," "no-go"variety, any probe or other like instrument capable of developing asignal in response to the presence of moisture is equally well adaptablefor a similar test, particularly inasmuch as the data of interest areadvantageously normalized to the condition of the vestibule, eliminatingthe need for strict quantitative measurement. The test apparatus couplesthe probe to a meter with a graduated scale, the precise graduationsbeing of less interest here since relative time/moisture measurementsare of concern. With the probe in place, the laboratory jack is raisedto establish a pressure of 0.5 psi, conveniently measured through thedisplacement of water from the resilient water bottle supporting thetest specimen. A timer is started when that pressure reading is attainedand the gauge readings are recorded at 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 120seconds, 240 seconds, 300 seconds, 600 seconds and 900 seconds. Thosereadings are plotted on a relative moisture scale as represented in FIG.17 against the benchmark or threshold level "t" representing themoisture level below which a statistically significant sample of userswould find the cover material to be objectionable due to an inability tomaintain the necessary physiologically hydrous interface between theprominence of the pad and the vestibule within which it is locatedduring use. Other tests may be adapted to this same end, the foregoingbeing deemed representative of the preferred approach to be taken inorder to characterize suitable materials with these thoughts in mind.

The covers identified as A and B in FIG. 17 are based upon the materialsdisclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,397,644. In both cases, whilethat cover material is admirably suited for a conventional sanitarynapkin, it is seen that the rapid wicking and very dry characteristicstypical of those species are quite ill-suited for use as a labial pad.To the contrary, the compositions identified as C and D respond quitedifferently. Upon initial flow there will be a wicking of fluid into theabsorbent core and away from the interface. Over a course of time, thatinterface will attain a generally steady state flow, passing fluidthrough the cover at approximately the same rate as it is received.Then, after loading of the absorbent core has begun, and the gradient inmoisture is reduced across the cover, even a slight increase in themoisture level (i.e., a decrease in flow gradient) will be seen tooccur; although the slight reversal in flow is not a requirement for thecover of the present invention (in this case, it is simply a consequenceof adopting specific materials within the most preferred of embodimentsas related below). Irrespective of that facet, the covers exhibit thetype of physiologically hydrous characteristics deemed most preferred inaccordance with the present invention. With the appreciation for thedecided advantage provided by a physiologically hydrous cover for pad30, those skilled in the art will further appreciate the fact that sucha characteristic is required principally within the target zone, or thatregion of the pad disposed within the vestibule. As a matter ofmanufacturing convenience, this is assured by fabricating the pad with atop cover of appropriate material whereby the entire top surfaceexhibits this feature. However, that is not an absolute requirement. Forexample, the physiologically hydrous characteristic may be imparted tothe pad by means of coatings or the like applied to the cover(externally or integrally), in which case the same may be confined tothe region of the target zone only; i.e., the profile which is intendedfor interfacial contact with the moist tissue of the vestibule. Othersuch variations to achieve a zoned distribution of cover propertiesalong these lines will occur to those skilled in the art and, guided bythe principles set forth herein, included within the scope of thepresent invention.

The highly preferred construction outlined above yields a remarkablyeffective sanitary pad. Fluid is intercepted within the raised profile,and preferably within the target zone identified generally in FIG. 4,after it has been emitted from the vaginal orifice. Prior to a time whenthis fluid has an opportunity to migrate through the folds of the labia,either forward or rearward as is the case with conventional sanitarynapkins, the fluid is caused to contact the profile and be distributedfor absorption within the core of the pad. As best viewed in FIG. 9,principal fluid flow is through the physiologically hydrous cover andtransfer layer to the oriented microfibrous batts within that region. Itis also highly noteworthy to observe a secondary path which is providedduring times when increased flow cannot otherwise be accommodatedreasonably by the central structure of the pad 30. In this case, fluidmay migrate at least in part across the cover (as opposed and/or inaddition to through the cover) as shown by the representative arrows inFIG. 9 toward the perimetral sides or edges of the pad. At thatjuncture, the orientation of the microfibrous batts is again made in themost receptive position relative to flow; whereby that fluid incapableof initial accommodation in the Z direction through the cover and intothe absorbent batt is wicked from the edges thereof. Accordingly, asanitary napkin of materially enhanced absorptive capabilities andcollateral reliability in use is provided.

The ability of the labial pad 30 of the present invention to conformanatomically to the wearer's vulva and vestibule area is quiteremarkable. Specifically, when disposed initially within the labiamajora, the pad 30 of the present invention is self-positioning to ahigh degree. When the device is properly located by the user, with theprominence 64 disposed in generally abutting engagement with therearwardmost aspect of the vestibule proximate the anterior labialcommissure, a rear line of occlusion is formed thereat. Whiletechnically not a true fluid seal, by virtue of the compositional natureof the article, the occluding capabilities as regards the prevention offluid flow from the rearward area of the vestibule is highly efficient.The normal motion of the user (e.g., walking) tends to reinforce thesealing or occluding effect of the raised region within its zone ofengagement with the rearwardmost aspect of the vestibule, thus "sealing"that area. The natural resiliency of the labia tends to compress thebody of the pad 30 within the posterior region, with the labia majoralying generally outward of the teardrop-shaped target zone shown in FIG.4. This slight inward urging or compression provides the line ofocclusion within that region. Thus, and as a general consequence of thepreferred set imparted to the pad as described above, a highlyconforming anatomical fit is achieved which, because that fit relies inpart upon the anatomy of the user, is generally self-adjusting. Byvirtue of the great efficiencies of the oriented microfibrous absorbentwebs, providing rapid fluid transfer, that line of sealing or occlusionis generally more than adequate to prevent seepage of fluid outside thezone lying within the vestibule itself. As noted previously, there maybe exceptional circumstances during which short duration but heavy flowmay not be fully accommodated; however, under these circumstances, thesecondary flow path noted with reference to FIG. 9 sufficientlyaccommodates that eventuality. Regardless of such considerations, theanterior region of the pad 30 lying forwardly of the portion disposedwithin the vestibule curves gently to conform to the external portion ofthe vulva of the user as best visualized with reference to FIG. 1. Thisleaves the clitoris (as well as the other urogenital members) spacedfrom the pad, unlike many prior art labial constructions, thus guardingagainst the irritating and perhaps painfully irritating chafing effectswhich contact can occasion.

The self-conforming characteristics of the labial pad of the presentinvention render unnecessary a requirement for independent attachingmeans for the pad. The slight biasing force provided by the wearer'sundergarments will establish a sufficient upwardly directed force tomaintain the labial pad in the desired position illustrated generally inFIG. 1. However, there may be situations where it is desirable toprovide some ancillary attaching means. Accordingly, there is optionallyprovided a discrete adhesive member identified (in phantom) as 82 inFIG. 3, for securing the pad 30 to the undergarments of a wearer. Thisadhesive 82 is most preferably a conventional pressure sensitiveadhesive bearing a release paper which may be removed to expose theadhesive for purposes of attachment to the undergarment. In this manner,the wearer may exercise the option of attaching the pad or not as amatter of individual preference. It is noteworthy that even in thoseinstances where the option to secure the pad 30 to the undergarment iselected, a comparatively small singular or discrete location or zone foradhesive is most preferably provided as opposed to more conventionallongitudinal, multiple strips or the like. Ideally, attachment directlyto the undergarment or body is not required, recognizing that suchattachment may under some circumstances override the more preferreddirect association of the pad solely with the wearer's body; the wearerthen facing the possibility that movement of the undergarment relativeto the vulva will translate into some motion within the pad itself.Isolating that movement from a single point located near the proximalend of the pad, about which it may pivot, tends to minimize thetendencies toward moving the raised profile of the posterior region ofthe pad out of its occluding engagement within the vestibule. In thissense, it has been determined that there is a position of relativelyneutral action within an undergarment forward of the mons pubis along atype of neutral axis with regard to the legs when the same undergo awalking motion. This neutral point, or so-called point of "stasis," ismost preferably the point of cooperative attachment for the adhesive 82.The neutral point is most easily found by considering the pelvicdynamics of a wide range of individuals undergoing walking motion. Suchstudies reflect the fact that there is a line of neutral motionextending between the legs from a point beginning at about the pubicsymphysis and extending directly to the coccyx. This is in mostindividuals a line of zero motion across what would generally be deemedthe median sagittal plane. The optimal point on that plane, for purposespertinent to the present discussion regarding attachment of the pad 30,is one which is approximately at the pubic symphysis. Accordingly,striving for a point of attachment of the pad by means of a singlediscrete adhesive spot (or limited multiple spots) at or about the pubicsymphysis along the aforementioned line of zero motion is deemed mostpreferred; although it will normally be found acceptable to haveattached the pad at a point lying on or as near as possible to thatimaginary line. This approach provides a generally acceptable compromisefor those who wish the security of attachment of the pad 30 to theundergarment while that point of attachment is selected as the leastinfluential relative to the potential contribution to rubbing or chafingoccasioned by relative motion between the undergarment (and attachedpad) and the wearer's vulva.

The labial pad of the present invention is highly commendable for itsease of manufacture both in terms of methodology and selection ofmaterials. As a capsulized summary, the pad 30 utilizes a conventionalspunbonded nonwoven bearing a suitable polymeric film as a baffle membercorresponding to the bottom surface or face 70. Exemplary of such abaffle is a conventional 0.4 oz. per square yard spunbond web with a0.75 mil (0.00075 in.) film of an ethylene methyl acrylate, preferablywith the EMA side toward the body of the absorbent material. To thatbaffle member is secured the absorbent body, preferably in the form oftwo opposed stacks of microfibrous webs 76. Most preferably, themicrofibrous webs are surfactant treated polypropylene microfibrous webshaving a basis weight of 90 grams per square meter. In order to achievethe optimal orientation wherein the plurality of microfibrous webs aredisposed edgewise within the target zone and facewise longitudinallyoutside that region, two alternate approaches are envisioned. In oneinstance, two individual stacks of microfibrous webs are disposed inside-by-side relationship along the longitudinal axis "L."Alternatively, a single stack may be disposed upon the baffle member andsuitably slitted, at least within the posterior region of the pad andoptionally entirely along the length thereof to yield the preferredorientation. When this latter approach is adopted, the fabricator hasyet the additional option of slitting some, but not all, of those websto leave one or more in tact at the interface with the shield or baffle70. The microfibrous absorbent components are overlaid with a transferlayer 78 preferably comprised of a fibrous blend of polyester, rayon,and a polymeric fiber such as that marketed by C. Itoh & Co. under thetradename "CHISSO". A highly preferred composition is comprised of 60%polyester fibers with a length of approximately 1/4" (3 dpf),approximately 20% straight rayon with a fiber length of approximately3/8" (1.5 dpf) and the balance CHISSO with a fiber length also about3/8" (3 dpf). Other compositions will occur to those of ordinary skillin the art and may be substituted with due consideration for thefunctional requirements of a transfer layer in terms of a rather rapidwicking of fluid in the Z direction. That transfer layer alsobeneficially contributes to a rather "springy" characteristic of the topelements of the pad in order to mold to the wearer's body whileproviding a soft interface; thus the degree of loft being a salientconsideration. Likewise, while principally concerned about efficient Zdirectional wicking from the cover to the absorbent batt materials, thetransfer layer also functions during short duration high flow conditionsto distribute fluid in a more transverse direction as need be as may beenvisioned with reference to FIG. 9. The transfer layer is overlayedwith the preferred physiologically hydrous cover which, as noted above,is selected to maintain a suitably benign physiologically hydrousinterface within the environment of the wearer's vestibule. A highlypreferred cover is one made from a spunlaced polyester such as that soldunder the tradename "SONTARA" by E. I. DuPont Company. Most preferably,a "SONTARA" cover comprised entirely of polyester fiber having a basisweight of about 34 grams per square meter is utilized for this purpose,although suitable equivalents can be adopted provided the same meet thefunctional requirements aforementioned (e.g., in some instances, even arayon cover may find good functional utility in this context, as candiverse polymeric materials bearing suitable coatings). The cover ispreferably secured to the shield or baffle about the perimetral edges asenvisioned best with reference to, e.g., FIGS. 3 and 4, via thermal oradhesive bonding. This yields a border about the perimeter which canvary in width depending upon the fabricator's desires. A pertinentconsideration for the border dimension is best considered with referenceto the depiction of flow in FIG. 9 which illustrates the alternate flowpath provided across the surface of the cover when, e.g., menses may notbe accommodated entirely in the Z direction through the cover and intothe microfibrous batts. Inasmuch as neither the cover nor the baffle, 80and 70 respectively, if fluid absorbent under the preferred conditionsspecified hereinabove, migration of fluid across the cover as shown inFIG. 9 to the perimetral edges will then permit the same to be wickedwithin the microfibrous batts disposed proximate that juncture.Providing a judiciously sized border will facilitate the ability offluid to achieve this secondary flow to the absorbent componentsinasmuch as a border too narrow perhaps will not permit sufficientinitial residence time about the edge region for wicking to occur andthereby run off whereas as too wide a border may allow runoff inasmuchas the fluid escapes the region where wicking can occur before thatoccurrence. A border on the order of about 1/4" will under mostcircumstances be deemed suitable with these thoughts in mind; although,depending upon choice of materials and the like the skilled artisan mayneed to make specific adjustments which, guided the foregoingprinciples, are deemed well within the ken of those workers in thefield.

As is now quite evident from the foregoing description, the labial padillustrated in FIGS. 1-10 is highly efficient in use and yet possessesan elegant simplicity of design. That optimization of simplicity andefficiency is carried forward in the packaging of this pad. Severalalternatives are illustrated in FIGS. 11-16, to which attention is nowdirected.

FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate a highly preferred packaging configurationfor the labial pad of the present invention, designated generally as 84.In this instance the pad 30 is located within a film wrapper 86. The padis shown folded about the longitudinal axis along the pleat 68; the padbeing disposed within the film sheet 86 with the bottom surface 70folded upon itself across that axis. This preferred embodiment therebytends to reinforce the set impressed upon the pad during manufacturepromoting the proper orientation of components for use. In thisparticular instance, the packaging wrapper is a thermoplastic film,folded about the pad 30 and sealed along a longitudinal seam 88 andopposed end seams 90. Appropriate selection of materials facilitatesnormal heat sealing in order to yield a very discreet packaged pad whichmay be carried conveniently on the person of the wearer in anticipationof use.

Alternate embodiments for wrapped or packaged pads are illustrated inFIGS. 13-16. Inasmuch as the same are conceptually quite similar, onlybrief explanation will be provided herein. Suffice it to say, in each ofthese alternate embodiments (recognizing that like parts arecontinuously identified with like reference characters), the pad 30 isnow folded for packaging in a transverse direction as opposed to thelongitudinal direction of FIGS. 11 and 12. In the case of the embodimentof FIGS. 13 and 14, the pad is folded once whereas in the case of theembodiment of FIGS. 15 and 16 the pad is folded in thirds.

Just as the present invention envisions alternatives in respect of themethod of packaging, there are structural alternatives deemed within thegeneral scope of the present invention which warrant at least briefreview. The same are shown in FIGS. 18-21.

FIG. 18 illustrates a more contoured pad (as opposed to, e.g., that ofFIG. 2) in accordance with the present invention designated generally as92. The pad is comprised of a baffle 94 defining a bottom surface and acover 96 corresponding to that in the previous embodiment; that is, acover possessing a physiologically hydrous characteristic for properinterface within the vestibule of the wearer. The ovate pad of FIG. 18includes a raised profile 98 having a prominence 100 within theposterior region of the pad, denoted generally as 102. The profile 98tapers in this case both rearwardly, toward the distal end 104, andforwardly toward the proximal end 106 at the terminus of the anteriorportion of the pad identified as 108. This pad 92, like the pad 30described in detail above, is configured for partial labial dispositionwith the raised profile 98 borne interiorly of the labia majora of thewearer, occluding the vestibule over the region defined generally by theposterior labial commissure and the labia majora itself. The raisedprofile terminates at a point along the longitudinal axis generallycorresponding to the departure of the pad element from the vestibule ata location spaced from the clitoris of the wearer. Thus, once again,that highly sensitive genital structure is protected against rubbingcontact as has heretofore occurred in many attempts to provide labialinterruption in the flow of menses. The pad continues forwardly intoexternal proximate engagement with the wearer's vulva as describedrelative to the pad 30. Thus, in terms of functionality, the pad 92 isfully comparable to the one described above. And, likewise, the pad 92with its generally self-conforming anatomical cooperation with thewearer obviates the mandatory requirement for independent attachmentmeans. However, like the embodiment heretofore described, optionalgarment attachment means (not shown) are included for association at theneutral point of the wearer's undergarment should that be deemed adesirable choice to exercise.

FIG. 19 illustrates another embodiment of a labial pad in accordancewith the present invention, denoted generally as 110. The pad 110 iscomprised of a baffle 112 of a polymeric film or, optionally, a fibrousweb having a polymeric film bonded thereto; in either of such events,the objective being the formation of a fluid impermeable shield.Disposed above that baffle is a first absorbent batt member 114supporting, in turn, a second absorbent batt 116. In this particularinstance, the separate batts 114 and 116 have differing fluid wickingand retaining characteristics, although that is not a mandatoryrequirement of this embodiment. For example, the upper batt or layer 116may function more the nature of a transfer layer like the transfer layer78 provided in the pad 30. Alternatively, the two layers may havediffering densities and/or spatial wicking characteristics such thatfluid is selectively routed to the outer reaches of the pad should thatprove a desirable feature. In other words, the present inventioncontemplates a plurality of layers comprising the absorbent core,wherein differing layers within such a composite are characterized bydiffering fluid wicking and/or absorbing properties; such variationsbeing achieved, for example, by incorporating layers of differingchemical and/or physical compositions or properties. Regardless of suchconsiderations, a raised profile in the pad 110 is achieved by means ofan insert member identified generally as 118 disposed in matingcooperation with both of the absorbent batts 114 and 116. In theembodiment illustrated, a slot 120 is formed in the upper batt 116,shown in FIG. 19 as a generally rectilinear slot. The insert, comprisedof an absorbent, compressed fibrous mass, includes a crown 122 taperingforwardly and rearwardly within the slot 120. The insert 118 furtherincludes a shank 126, lying below the top surface of the batt 116. Thebottom face of the shank 126 lies in fluid transmissive engagement withthe lower batt 114 in order to transfer, e.g. menses to that component.A cover 128 constitutes the top of the pad structure and is sealed tothe baffle 112 about the perimetral edges 130 in a manner similar tothat described above relative to the pad 30. The crown of the insert 118projects sufficiently upward beyond the top surface or plane of the batt116 to yield a projection or prominence defining a raised profile withinthe posterior region of the pad. This raised profile is disposedslightly toward the proximal end of the pad in the sense that, as can beenvisioned with reference to FIG. 19, the prominence leads to a forwardand rearward taper along the longitudinal centerline of the pad.Otherwise, the pad 110 is fully functionally equivalent to the pad 30.That is, the prominence resulting from the insert 118 is provided forpartial labial disposition within the vestibule of the wearer tointercept the flow of menstrual fluid. That menstrual fluid firstcontacts the raised area which defines a target zone within thevestibule, is received within the insert and is then transmitted to boththe upper batt 116 and the lower batt 114. Depending upon the wickingcharacteristics imparted to these member, X-Y-Z directional flowpatterns may be tailored by the fabricator as desirable.

FIGS. 20 and 21 depict a further alternate embodiment of a pad inaccordance with the present invention, designated generally as 132. Thispad is structurally the same as that of FIG. 19, save and except thefact that the insert is now a positionable insert which may be moved bythe user of the pad. More specifically, the insert in this instance,designated generally as 134 and best viewed in FIG. 21, is comprised ofa base 136 which is formed with a centrally located raised element 138.The upper batt 116, unlike that of the embodiment described withreference to FIG. 19, is a continuous batt member as opposed to theformer wherein the slot was formed. In this instance, the insert 134rides on the base member beneath the cover 128 and may be slid by theuser upon an urging motion either forwardly or rearwardly along thelongitudinal axis. The insert, when properly positioned to suit theanatomy of the wearer, then functions precisely the same as the insertof FIG. 19. That is, a raised target zone is formed in the nature of aprofile configured for disposition within the wearer's vestibule toocclude the same against menstrual flow. The fluid, upon initial contactwith the pad 132, is directed through the physiologically hydrous covermember to the insert and then the absorbent batt. Again, while theillustrated embodiment provides plural batts 114 and 116 which may beimparted with different wicking characteristics, those skilled in theart will appreciate that such an option may be foregone in favor of asingle absorbent member.

From the foregoing description of alternative constructions availablefor implementation of the present invention emerges the recognition thata wide range of styles may be adapted to good end in meeting thefunctional objectives of the present invention. With efficiency andcomfort the hallmarks of the labial pad disclosed and claimed herein,structures including a unitary pad or body of proper configuration withzoned fluid distribution and retention characteristics bearing anappropriately physiologically hydrous cover are envisioned. Regardlessof the specific structure adopted for implementation, the labial pad ofthe present inventionis remarkable on account of the benefits itprovides for the user. Occluding advantages approaching those offered bytampons are imparted to this pad while the safety usually associatedwith a sanitary napkin is maintained. The pad of the present inventionachieves considerably improved fluid distribution and retention, in partby virtue of the microfibrous batts employed in the preferredembodiments, thereby allowing considerable savings in size withoutsacrifice of efficiency. Comfort is achieved by virtue of the partial(as opposed to total) disposition of the pad within the vestibulecombined with the judicious selection of physiologically hydrous covermembers. The labial pad of the present invention, regardless of itsparticular configuration, is highly self-conforming to the anatomy ofthe wearer, whereby the device moves with that wearer during evenvigorous activity as opposed to the more conventional movement ofsanitary napkins relative to the body of the wearer. Not only does thisminimize the occurrence of chafing or other irritability, it maintains amore positive interrelationship about the zone of occlusion within thevestibule and correlative efficiency of the device. And, the significantimprovement experienced in terms of cooperation between pad and weareris achieved while eliminating the necessity for attachment means or thelike leaving the same simply as an option to be exercised by the wearer.Thus, while the invention has now been described with reference toseveral preferred embodiments and illustrated with regard to a range ofoptional features, those skilled in the art will appreciate that varioussubstitutions, omissions, modifications, and changes may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit hereof. Accordingly, it is intended that theforegoing description be deemed merely exemplary of the preferred scopeof the present invention and not to be deemed a limitation thereof.

We claim:
 1. A packaged sanitary napkin, said napkin comprising ananatomically, generally self-conforming labial pad configured fordisposition within the vestibule of a wearer and for at least partiallyoccluding the same respecting fluid flow therefrom, said napkincomprising a posterior region having a central zone adapted to yield araised profile for projection within said vestibule and an anteriorregion merging with said posterior region for generally externaldisposition about the forward vulvar region of said wearer, said napkinincluding a top, body-contacting surface divided centrally by alongitudinal axis; wherein said napkin is folded about said longitudinalaxis with said top surface lying outwardly, said napkin being disposedwithin a sealed polymeric packaging film while in a foldedconfiguration.
 2. A packaged sanitary napkin, said napkin comprising ananatomically, generally self-conforming labial pad configured fordisposition within the vestibule of a wearer and for at least partiallyoccluding the same respecting fluid flow therefrom, said napkincomprising a posterior region having a central zone adapted to yield araised profile for projection within said vestibule and an anteriorregion merging with said posterior region for generally externaldisposition about the forward vulvar region of said wearer, said napkinincluding a top, body-contacting surface bisected by a transverse axis;wherein said napkin is folded parallel to said transverse axis, saidnapkin being disposed within a sealed polymeric packaging film while ina folded configuration.